Europe’s Largest Power Sources, Country by Country

Using data from the International Energy Agency, this map shows the largest source of electricity generation in every European country, highlighting which fuels and technologies dominate national power systems today. While Europe is often seen in its energy transition, the reality is far more fragmented, shaped by geography, legacy infrastructure, domestic resources and policies.

Low-carbon sources now lead in 25 European countries, underscoring how far clean electricity has penetrated the system. Hydropower dominates the Nordics and parts of Southern and Eastern Europe, where geography and long-lived assets continue to anchor power supply. Nuclear remains the backbone in countries like France, Finland and former USSR nations, reflecting both energy-security priorities and history. And wind has emerged as the largest source in countries like Germany and Spain, where policy and industrial build-out have aligned.

At the same time, coal and natural gas continue to play an outsized role in several major economies, including the UK, Italy and Poland.

The takeaway: Europe’s electricity transition is well underway, but it is not uniform.